TENSES IN ENGLISH
I. SIMPLE PRESENT:
I.1. Formation:
1. Ordinary verbs
S+V/Vs-es+(O/C/A) She goes to school.
S+do/does not+V+(O/C/A) She doesn’t go to school.
Do/Does+S+V+(O/C/A)? Does she go to school ?
Where does she go ?
2. To be :
S+am/ is/ are+ (C/A) She is a student.
S+am/ is/ are not+ (C/A) She is not a student.
Am/ Is/ Are+ S+ (C/A)? Is she not a student?

*We add ES after : O,S,X,CH,SH and consonant +Y : does , misses, fixes, teaches, washes, studies ( plays).
* Pronunciation of Vs/Ves: -s(/s/ after /p, t, k, p/ :
laughs/ drops/ kicks/ lets
-es( /iz/ after
/z, s, d z, (,t(,ks ,z /: loses, manages, passes, pushes, switches, mixes, rouges pledges ( ces/ ses/ sses/ xes / ges/ dges/ shes, ches, tches)
-s(/z/ after other sounds: robs, adds, digs, fills, dreams, runs…

I.2. Usage:
1. Truth or facts that are true:( sự thật, việc thật)
- Two and two (be) four.
- The Vam Co River (flow) through Tay Ninh.
- Children( need) love and affection.
2. Present habits, customs and ability:(thói quen,tập quán, khả năng)
- Jason (go) jogging every morning.
- Vietnamese people (eat) rice.
- Emma (speak) Vietnamese well.
3. Perceptions, feelings or states that occurs at the moment of speaking: ( nhận thức, cảm giác, trạng thái lúc đang nói)
- How many cars do you see? – I see ten.
- Do you hear anything? – No, I don’t hear anything.
- I smell something burning.
4. Future reference ( for timetables…) esp. with such verbs as : leave/ go/ walk/ arrive/come/get / start/ begin…
- We leave by the 6.30 train this evening.
- When does the plane arrive? – At 5.35.
- The next semester begins in 3 weeks.

5. Instructions : - First you weigh the ingredients…
6. Commentaries (live football match…) - Becker serves to Lendl.
7. Historic present:
King Quang Trung and his army come to Tam Diep and camp there.
8. It is also used in adverbial clauses of time, condition and concession in order to replace the simple future tense.
- When you see Jack tomorrow, remember me to him!
- If the weather is fine tomorrow, they will go on a picnic.
- Whatever happens she will be out of this.
* always/ often/ usually/ seldom/ rarely/ never/
* every- (day/ week…)
* every other day
* sometimes = from time to time= occasionally= now and then.
* generally/ normally/ frequently/ regularly/
* day after day/ today nowadays/
* at times/ at all times = always.
* On Sundays/Mondays/
In the evenings…
*Once a day/ a week…
Twice a week/ a month
3 times a day/ a year…
( see adverbs of frequency)

* Following verbs are
often used to express :

- Feelings, emotions: ( I like):admire/adore/ attract/ believe in/ detest/ dislike/ doubt/ envy/ fear/ hate/ hope/ like/ love/ mean/ mind/ regret/ respect…
- Thinking/believing: ( I know): agree/ assume: cho rằng, thừa nhận)/fancy tưởng tượng, cho rằng/ believe/ consider/ estimate/ expect/ find/ hear =be told/ hear about = get to know/ hear of = know about/ hope/ know/ forget/ remember.

- Wants and preferences: ( I want): desire/ fancy: yêu thích, mê/ need/ prefer/ require/ want/ wish…

-Perceptions, senses: catch= understand/ hear/ notice/ observe/ perceive: hiểu, nhận thấy/ see/ smell/ taste…

- Other verbs:
* Be/ have/ own/ possess/ afford/ appear=seem/